Wassily Kandinsky

Unveiling the Abstract Universe of Wassily Kandinsky: The Pinnacle of Non-representational Art

Wassily Kandinsky, a master of colors and forms, held a profound belief in the power of abstraction. Kandinsky, an eminent Russian artist, hailing from the heart of Moscow, set out on an unexpected journey in the world of art, transitioning from a mundane law and economics background to the pinnacle of modern art. His pioneering work in pure abstraction dramatically transformed the canvas of 20th-century art.

The Journey Towards Abstraction: From Impressionism to Symbolism

Kandinsky's artistic evolution was a gradual yet captivating journey towards non-representational art. As a painter, he had a deep-rooted affinity for Impressionism and Symbolism, which initially influenced his work. However, his distinctive vision for artistic expression started taking shape, one where emotions and spiritual ideas could exist outside the constraints of physical representation.

The Leap into Pure Abstraction: The Birth of the Avant-Garde Art Movement

In his quest for an entirely new mode of artistic expression, Kandinsky spearheaded the avant-garde art movement in Munich, where he co-founded Phalanx. This became the breeding ground for his innovative ideas, where he began to deconstruct traditional notions of art. It was here that Kandinsky's transformation into a master of pure abstraction unfolded, marking the advent of non-objective art.

Bridging the Spiritual and Abstract: The Ideologies of Der Blaue Reiter

In 1911, Kandinsky co-founded the abstract art movement, Der Blaue Reiter, alongside Franz Marc. This German expressionist group was a beacon of modernism, symbolizing Kandinsky's fascination with the color blue and horses. Kandinsky envisaged the color blue as a spiritual portal to the cosmic, while the rider on a horse represented the journey towards the abstract. Der Blaue Reiter propelled the transition from traditional art to the non-representational, thus embodying the avant-garde movement in the heart of German art.

Masterpieces from the Russian Maestro: Kandinsky's Abstract Compositions

Among Kandinsky's cornucopia of works, "Composition VII" stands as a testament to his artistic prowess. This Kandinsky painting, a colorful artwork rich in dynamic compositions and geometric shapes, is a compelling exemplar of abstract expression. "Several Circles", another masterpiece from the Russian artist, is a portrayal of his fascination with the endless possibilities of abstraction. These works serve as the epitome of non-representational expression, embodying Kandinsky's belief in art without depiction.

Kandinsky's Influence: A Legacy Etched in 20th Century Art

Beyond his paintings, Kandinsky played a pivotal role in shaping art theory and education. His tenure at the Bauhaus, the eminent art and design school in Germany, helped revolutionize the pedagogical landscape of modern art. His teachings and theories continue to be a source of inspiration for artists and art enthusiasts worldwide, cementing his place among the renowned artists of the Expressionist movement.

Kandinsky, the father of abstract art, continues to illuminate the 20th-century art world with his creative dynamism. His visionary explorations in artistic form and emotional expression have inspired countless artists from Russia and beyond, leaving an indelible mark on the landscape of modern art.

In the end, Kandinsky's legacy is not only limited to his canvases but also extends to the mindsets he changed and the creative boundaries he redefined. He was an individual who truly believed in art's capacity to transcend the physical realm, echoing a sentiment as vibrant and timeless as his masterpieces.

1. Wassily Kandinsky, Biography
2. Art Movements in the 20th Century
3. Kandinsky and Impressionism, a Brief Study
4. Phalanx, the Art Group Co-founded by Kandinsky
5. Der Blaue Reiter, the Abstract Art Movement
6. Composition VII, Kandinsky's Artwork
7. Kandinsky at the Bauhaus

Wassily Kandinsky was famous for being one of the pioneers of abstract art. Here are some key points on what he is known for:

• Pioneering abstract art and moving away from representational painting. He believed that art should express the inner world of the artist rather than represent the outside physical world. His works became increasingly abstract over time as he eliminated references to objects and depth.
• Developing a unique visual language of form, color and line to express emotions and spirituality. He saw connections between music and painting, hearing colors and seeing sounds, which influenced his artistic style.
• Publishing theoretical writings that articulated his ideas about the spiritual nature of art and the expressive power of abstract forms and color. Major works include 'On the Spiritual in Art' (1912) and 'Point and Line to Plane' (1926).
• Being a founding member of influential modern art groups like the Blue Rider and the Bauhaus, which promoted avant-garde styles.
• Creating iconic abstract paintings like his 'Compositions', 'Improvisations' and 'Impressions' series that had musical titles and experimental styles.
• Having a major influence on the development of modern abstract painting in the 20th century through his art and theories. He is considered a leader of abstract art along with artists like Mondrian.

Kandinsky did indeed have synesthesia, a neurological condition where stimulation of one sense triggers an involuntary experience in another sense. In Kandinsky's case, he associated colors with sounds and music.

• Kandinsky experienced colors when he heard music, and heard music when he painted. He described his paintings as "compositions" and gave them musical titles to reflect this synesthetic experience.
• His synesthesia directly influenced the development of his artistic style towards abstraction, as he tried to visually express the colors and sounds he internally experienced.
• In his art theory book "On the Spiritual in Art", Kandinsky articulated connections between color, emotion, and sound. He saw color as a spiritual language that could express inner states.
• Kandinsky explored synesthetic experiences through multi-media performances called "The Yellow Sound", combining original music, lighting, and visuals.
• His synesthesia shaped his belief that abstract art could express the "inner necessity" of the artist through color and form, not external reality.
• Iconic abstract paintings like "Composition VII" embodied Kandinsky's synesthetic perspective with their fluid colors, forms, and musical titles.

Key materials Wassily Kandinsky used in his paintings:

• Oils - Kandinsky primarily used oil paints, especially in his iconic abstract works. He experimented with different types of oils and binding media like linseed oil and wax medium.
• Canvas - Canvas was Kandinsky's preferred painting surface, though he also painted on other supports like cardboard, wood, and glass. He utilized different canvas types including fine-woven canvas.
• Watercolors - Earlier in his career, Kandinsky frequently used watercolors, gouache, and tempera paints. These appeared in his Blue Rider period works.
• Palette knives - Kandinsky used palette knives to apply paint in his plein air landscapes. This created textured, expressive brushstrokes.
• Printmaking materials - Kandinsky explored various printmaking techniques, working with materials like wood, linoleum, zinc, and limestone to produce woodcuts, lithographs, and etchings.
• Mixed media - In later Bauhaus period works, Kandinsky incorporated unusual materials like sand, glass, and string into his paintings.

• Russia - The State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow has the largest collection of Kandinsky's paintings in Russia, including masterpieces like Composition VII. The Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg and the Russian Museum also have significant holdings.
• Germany - The Lenbachhaus in Munich holds the largest collection of Kandinsky's paintings in Europe, spanning his Blue Rider and Bauhaus periods. Many early career works are here.
• France - The Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris both have sizable collections of Kandinsky's later abstract works he made while living in France.
• United States - The Guggenheim Museum in New York has over 100 of Kandinsky's paintings, the largest collection outside Europe. The Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Philadelphia Museum of Art also have excellent representations.
• Switzerland - The Beyeler Foundation near Basel holds key later abstract paintings like Several Circles.
• Other Notable Collections - Significant groups of works are also held at the National Gallery in Washington D.C., the Art Institute of Chicago, Milwaukee Art Museum, and the Tate Modern in London.

Kandinsky's most renowned and iconic work is generally considered to be Composition VII (1913). This large-scale abstract painting exemplifies Kandinsky's groundbreaking style and theories on expressing spiritual states through abstract form and color.

Key reasons Composition VII stands out:

• It was one of his first purely abstract paintings that contained no identifiable objects, representing a breakthrough in abstraction.
• The scale and complexity of the work was unprecedented at the time. It combined expressive brushstrokes, colors, shapes and lines into a swirling, dynamic composition.
• Kandinsky considered it his most complex painting and the pinnacle of his pre-World War 1 artistic style, synthesizing years of artistic development.
• It embodied his synesthetic perspective, with fluid colors and forms evoking music that Kandinsky claimed to hear as he painted.
• The work exemplified Kandinsky's artistic philosophy outlined in On the Spiritual in Art, giving visual form to his belief in the spiritual and emotional power of abstract art.
• It helped establish Kandinsky as a revolutionary pioneer of abstract painting and secured his fame as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

Painting Techniques

• Expressive brushstrokes - Kandinsky used loose, gestural strokes to apply paint, often with a bristle brush. This created texture and dynamic energy.
• Color blending - He blended colors directly on the canvas using wet-on-wet techniques to create fluid transitions between hues.
• Stippling and pointillism - Kandinsky used stippling and applying small dots of paint to optically mix colors rather than blending.
• Sgrafitto - He would scrape into wet paint to reveal underlying layers, creating texture and depth.

Materials

• Oils - His preferred this painting medium, though he experimented with different types of oils.
• Canvas - His most common surface, but also painted on board, glass, wood, and other supports.
• Watercolors - Used frequently early in his career.
• Printmaking - Explored various printmaking techniques like woodcuts, lithography, and etching.
• Mixed media - Incorporated unusual materials like sand, glass, and string in later works.
• Tools - Palette knives, a variety of brushes, and other painting tools.